Položaj narodnih skupnosti pripadnikov narodov nekdanje SFRJ v slovenskem šolstvu

The article presents the findings of a study conducted among the representatives of cultural associations of former Yugoslavia’s constitutive nations in Slovenia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gain insight into the representatives’ views on their nations’ situation in Slovenian education, including their expectations regarding education. The results are interpreted from the perspective of emerging multicultural educational policies categorized according to the different legal statuses of the ethnical groups in Slovenia. The results indicate a lack of clear policy, causing the respondents to express several concerns.Članek prinaša rezultate raziskave, izvedene med predstavniki zvez kulturnih društev pripadnikov narodov nekdanje SFRJ. Na osnovi polstrukturiranih intervjujev smo ugotavljali, kako sogovorniki ocenjujejo položaj svojih skupnosti v šolstvu in kaj od njega pričakujejo. Rezultati so interpretirani s perspektive multikulturnih politik, ki se v Sloveniji oblikujejo glede na različne pravne statuse narodnih skupin in skupnosti. Rezultati kažejo na odsotnost jasne politike izobraževanja za učence pripadnike narodov nekdanje SFRJ, do česar se sogovorniki kritično opredelijo

Comparison of forest machine cost calculation methods on the case of a cableway

Primerjali smo rezultate kalkulacij neposrednih materialnih stroškov po sedmihuveljavljenih kalkulacijskih metodah za gozdarsko strojno delo. Metode imajo skupno izhodišče pri strukturiranju kalkulacijskih postavk, a se razlikujejo v načinu izračunavanja in upoštevanju posameznih postavk. Primerjava ob predpostavki enakih vhodnih podatkov in upoštevanju letne izkoriščenosti na primeru gozdarske žičnice kaže na razlike v ceni strojnega dela in s tem na težjo primerljivost gospodarnosti stroja na enoto proizvoda. Vhodne podatke za primerjavo metod kalkulacij stroškov dela smo pridobili s spremljanjem koledarskega časa treh strojev, z meritvami pri časovnih študijahin spremljanju učinkov. Pri 1000 obratovalnih urah stroja na leto se po primerjanih kalkulacijskih metodah lahko materialni strošek na enoto spravila razlikuje za več kot 50 %. Največje razlike nastajajo predvsem zaradirazličnih pristopov pri obravnavi variabilnih stroškov. Potrebna je previdnost pri interpretiranju kriterijev gospodarnosti, zlasti pri konkuriranju na enotnem trgu dela in storitev.The paper presents results of a comparison of seven different machine cost calculation methods presently used mainly in forest operations cost calculations. The compared methods have a common basis structure, but differ in methodology and item consideration. From the premise of equal inputs and byconsidering yearly productive time on the case of a cableway, the comparisonshows differences in machine costs and thus lesser comparability of machine economy per product unit. Input data for the comparison of cost calculation methods were acquired through machine calendar time monitoring andwork study. According to the compared calculation methods, the material costs per unit of wood extraction can differ by more than 50% in 1,000 machinehours. The major differences are due mainly to the different proceduresconsidering variable costs. The used calculation methods should be born in mind in economy criteria interpretation and particularly in view of competition on the single labour and services market

Calendar time and work performance of syncrofalke cable cranes in the Tolminsko region

Prispevek predstavlja analizo koledarskega asa in delovnih uinkov dveh žinic Syncrofalke na Tolminskem. Koledarski as je obravnavan po mednarodni metodologiji IUFRO. Delimo ga na koledarski as delovnega mesta, to je 261 dni,in na koledarski as zunaj delovnega mesta, ki znaša 104 dni letno. Za vsakdan upoštevamo 8 ur, kar velja tudi v slovenski delovni zakonodaji, zato znaša koledarski asi delovnega mesta 2.088 ur letno. Koledarski as je bil spremljan od zaetka julija 2002 do konca marca 2004, skupaj za dve opazovani žinici 1.270 koledarskih dni. V tem asu sta žinici na 79 linijah obratovali skupaj 709 dni, povpreno 204 dni na leto na žinico. Produktivni delovni as, kamor se šteje le spravilo, je znašal v povpreju 132 dni. Povprena dolžina linije, ki je od stolpa do zadnjega škripca v povpreju merila 336 m, je imela 0,62 vmesne podpore na linijo. Povprena razdalja spravila po nosilni vrvi je 208 m, razdalja zbiranja pa dobrih 34 m. Delež linij za spravilo navzgor je 62%. Povprena koliina lesa na ciklus je 1,04 m3 (1,12 t), na linijo pa 300 m3,od tega 83 % listavcev. Spremljanje koledarskega asa, za kar skrbi delovna skupina pri stroju, je dober pripomoek za dolgorono spremljanje in analiziranje niza parametrov uinkovitosti pri delu, doseganja uinkov stroja inprimerjave med stroji ter tudi za obraunavanje opravljenega dela.The article presents an analysis of calendar times and work performance of twoSyncrofalke cable cranes in Slovenia - the Tolminsko region. Calendar time is dealt with in accordance of the international IUFRO methodology. It is divided into workplace time, i.e. 261 days, and non-workplace time, which is 104 days. For each day, 8 hours are taken into account, which is in fact stipulated in the national work legislation, and the workplace time therefore amounts to 2,088 hours per year. Calendar time for the two cable cranes was monitored from the beginning of July 2002 till the end of March 2004, a total of 1,270 calendar days for both cable cranes. During this time, the cable cranes operated 709 days on 79 lines, or 204 days per cable crane annually, 132 of these for skidding. Average line length, which from the tower to the last tailblock measured 305 m on average, had 0.62 intermediate support per line. Average yarding distance per skyline was 208 m, the bunching distance 34m. The share of uphill yarding lines was 62 %. Average volume of wood was 1.04 m3 (1.12 t) per cycle and 300 m3 per line, 83 % of which went to deciduous trees. Calendar time monitoring, which was carried out by the cable crane crew, is a good expedient for long-term monitoring and analyses of a series of parameters of work performance, of the effects achieved by the machine, for comparisons between different machines, and for the final assessment of work payment

Recent developments in forest traffic way construction in Slovenia

After a decade of regression in forest engineering a distinct increase in skidding trail construction and intentional revival of road constructions in state forests have occurred since the year 2000. In this paper novelties and trends in forest traffic way construction in Slovenia are described. Improved procedures for operational road planning and integration of forest traffic ways into relevant national legislation represent major professional achievements. The main barriers related to forestry infrastructure projects are capital weaknesses, short term orientation and poor cooperativeness of private forest owners. In the future we shall have to introduce and implement technical procedures as well as harmonize the legislative framework with financial measures to encourage forest owners to better cooperation, long-term oriented investments and complex technological solutions

Recent developments in forest traffic way construction in Slovenia

After a decade of regression in forest engineering a distinct increase in skidding trail construction and intentional revival of road constructions in state forests have occurred since the year 2000. In this paper novelties and trends in forest traffic way construction in Slovenia are described. Improved procedures for operational road planning and integration of forest traffic ways into relevant national legislation represent major professional achievements. The main barriers related to forestry infrastructure projects are capital weaknesses, short term orientation and poor cooperativeness of private forest owners. In the future we shall have to introduce and implement technical procedures as well as harmonize the legislative framework with financial measures to encourage forest owners to better cooperation, long-term oriented investments and complex technological solutions

Fatal accidents in forestry in some European countries

Forest work is considered one of the most dangerous occupations in the world. The present article compares fatal accidents occurring at professional and non-professional work in terms of the amount of removals. The data covering the years from 1980 to 2004 are dealt with by 5-year periods. For Slovenia and Austria, all five periods are compared, for Switzerland four, whereas for Germany, Finland, Sweden and Croatia fewer periods are dealt with. The accident frequency is expressed in the number of fatalities per 1 million m3 of gross removals. Absolutely the highest frequency (9.52) was established at non-professional work in Slovenia during the period 1990–1994, the lowest (0.03) at professional work in Sweden (2000–2004) and Finland (1995–1999). In the last period (2000–2004), the highest number of fatal accidents at professional work was recorded in Switzerland (1.00). At non-professional work, on the other hand, the highest number of fatalities occurred in Slovenia (7.27), which is almost five times as many as in Austria and Switzerland. In all countries, however, a downward trend of fatal accident frequency has been noted. The most successful, as far as total number of fatalities is concerned, is Sweden. In Switzerland and Austria, the accident frequency has been cut by half, whereas in Slovenia no progress has been noted in this respect. The number of fatalities is an important indicator of mastering the risks during forest work as well as of the efficiency and integrity of measures implemented by separate countries in their attempts to provide for safety at forest work